Core Principle

3-axis machines move the tool in X, Y, and Z linear directions. 5-axis machines add two rotational axes (A and B), allowing tool approach from any angle.

Use 3-Axis (Lower Cost)

• Parts where all features can be machined from single direction
• Examples: drilled holes, 2D profiles, simple pockets
• Most cost-effective for straightforward geometries

Use 5-Axis (Higher Cost, More Capability)

• Complex contours: curved/angled surfaces (impellers, turbines)
• Multiple setups: Parts requiring machining on multiple faces
• Single setup avoids tolerance stacking from re-fixturing

Design Recommendation: Design features on same plane or parallel planes to enable economical 3-axis machining whenever possible.